Pollution in the kathmandu valley-how it started

A few neighbourhoods in kathmandu hav been organising effective community clean-up efforts to keep trash off the streets, but out in the countryside there's no control, and everyone has someone else to blame.

The valley's ancient towns are afflicted with that plague of modern life,smog. The bowl-shaped valley is an ideal place for a thermal inversion. Dust particles and exhaust fumes combine with the winter mist to form murky haze. Thirty years ago the Himalayan peaks appeared crystal clear behind the valley rim to the north; nowadays they're frequently hidden behind the brown smudge. Public Enemy member one for environmentalists is the coal-burning Himal Cement Factory at chobhar, the valley's major industrial employer. In most of nepal, the air outside is clear. Pollution is hidden indoors, in poorly ventilated houses that trap smoke from cooking fires, causing eye infections and respiratory illnesses.

Gravely pollutes water is a major carrier of disease. the valley's sewage treatment and water purification plants are rendered practically useless, as low water pressure and the close proximity of water and sewage pipes mean the water is dangerously fouled by the time it reaches home taps. chemical pollution is a growing danger in the valley, as industries pour untreated wastes directly into rivers, the traditional dumping ground for all kinds of garbage, despite their sacred status.

The most visible pollution appears on trails strewn with biscuit wrappers, noddle packages, and used toilet paper ,especially by tourists. Foreign visitors are the biggest sinners in this category because they can afford expensive packaged products,, but nepalis litter too. Until recently everything was either natural or recycled. Feasts were served on leaf plates and bags, old bits of metal were melted down into new cookpots. The advent of plastic has outpaced the realization that when you throw it away, it's there to stay.

Variety of birds in Nepal attracts tourists for Birdwatching

Nepal is a landlocked country which covers the area of less than 1% of total world's land. However, the tiny Nepal contains 10 % of all its birds which is 801 species of birds found in Nepal. 
With less than one percent of the world's land mass, tiny Nepal contains 10% of its birds, or 801 species. some of the names are as entertaining as the birds themselves: plumbeous redstart, satyr tragopan, himalayan tree pie, hoary barwing, coal tit. over half are found in the kathmandu valley. The area around the royal botanical gardens at godavari is especially rich: on the three-hour walk from godavari to the summit of phulchowki(2765 meters) its possible to spot 100 different species.The wooded summit of nagarjun and the area around Thankot on the valley rim are other good sites.

Chitwan National Park, with its wide range of natural environments, also hosts over 400 bird species. Spring migration season, February-March, brings the most sightings. The marsh and reed breds of kosi tappu wildlife reserve in eastern nepal are on the spring migration route of thousands of water birds. Trekking greatly increases the variety of sight-seeings. It's also the only way to spot the Impeyen Pheasant, the gorgeously colored national bird of nepal which prefers high altitudes. one of the better bird watching treks is the western side of Annapurna Circuit. The trail leads from tropical pokhara up the kali gandaki valley onto the dry highlands beyond Jomsom, where species typical of the tibetan plateau appear.

kathmandu's most memorable birdwatching experince involves mammals. from april through december, tourists heading to thamel stop dead in their tracks to stare at the hundreds of giant fruit bats roosting upside down in the popalars in kaiser ripe plums, the bats squabble and sleep during the day, then fly off at dusk in search of a dinner of fruit and flowers.

The Impeyen pheasant(danphe) is Nepal's national bird.

Back to the history of Nepal.

The history of nepal centers on the kathmandu Valley. . Even today, Hill people heading to kathmandu will tell you "Nepalma jaane"-"We're going to Nepal."

 From the beginining the valley has been the center of politics, intrigue, religion, trade, and urban civilization-in short,everything worth recording. Compared to it, life in the Hills was unremarkable, and it continued for centuries unnoted,much as it does today.

The kathmandu Valley's traditional prosperity came from its fertile soil and its strategic location on the trans-himalayan trade route between the india and tibet. Kathmandu was a pleaseant place for caravans to wait out the malarial summers of the southern terai or the winter snows blocking the northern passes into tibet. Traders, scholars, monks, pilgrims, and envoys from many countries journeyed through the valley and left a legacy of diverse ideas and influences.

Despite the constant stream of visitors, out-side historical sources are scanty, limited to a few Chinese diplomats, Christian missionaries, and the British Residents who were forcibly settled in kathamndu in 19th century.local history on the other hand apperas everywhere in the valley. royal edicts were etched in copper-platess,carved onto pillars, or engraved on stone slabs. later came manuscipts of palm leaves or handmade paper, and the vamsavali, historical chrinicles blending myth and history, legend and fact. in a larger sense,, history is encoded in the valley's traditional art and arctitecture and lives on in legends, festivals and customs some over 1500 years old, that act as direct links to the past.

Education-the real learning and training of mind..

Education can change the thinking perspective of the people and can lift the IQ level to maximim which consequence in better thinking ,creating ideas,creativity.

As the children of today are the manpower of tommorow for the development of the city and the country. Therefore, they should be educated properly so that they do not fall in wrong activities. It is the education which changes the thinking of the person and  makes them capable of deciding right or wrong. The present context of education system in the city is not good. Quality education is lacking in the city due to which students are prevented from getting quality education. Today,, the world has globalized and the person has to compete in the international level. Quality education if not provided, the students fall behind and they cannot achive the real goal. The future of the country lies upon its people and the future of people depends upon the quality education. So, the education system needs to be improved a lot. The infra structure should be developed. Also , the computer labs and science labs should be maintained properly. Technology should be well known from the childhood. The trained teachers should be appointed and they should be paid accordingly so that they can give more quality education to the students.

There may seem a lot a problem at the start of each work but the main focus should be given  on school system and education because every change starts from am individual and education makes and individual aware about the other problems as well. If every citizens of the country are aware about the other problems as well, then the problems can be controlled. So, the first step is to improve the education system and make the future of the children good.
Therefore, if the people are educated, the development goes ahead in the rapid rate and for the people to be educated, improvement of the school system is a must-important role.

Problems in the kathmandu city

People face a a lot of  problems at every step in the kathmandu city. However, lack of their awareness is the main reason behind this.

Problems cannot sustain forever. If there is a desire to overcome it, we definitely can overcome every serious problems. Currently, the city is facing a enormous problem at this instant. The infra structure of the city are outdated. The education system of the city is very weak and the computers which are present in the school are one and half decade old. The teachers are not paid sufficiently and the infra structure of the city is just ruining. Moreover, the same is the problem in traffic. The traffic problem and pollution is just peaking up and the city severely needs a first rate transport system.

The education system of our county is not good sufficient for increasing the development level of the country. We are lacking behind in every field and the main reason to this is the consequence of not providing fruitful education . As the children of today are the manpower of tommorrow for the development of the city. Quality education and training should be provided from the early childhood instead of reading those old books and course book . Children should be trained on focusing to their creativity from the early childhood.
Likewise, pollution and transport are the other problems that the people face in the city .